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| Title: | Preliminary Fire Extinguishing Tests with Handheld Bottles: A Comparison of Extinguishing Compounds | ||||
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| Author: | T.M. Guastavino, F. Fann | ||||
| Abstract: | In 1982, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center completed a test and evaluation project on use of handheld extinguishers in transport category aircraft. Some of the tests involved the comparative effectiveness of handheld extinguishers in a specific fire scenario: a triple non-fireblocked aircraft seat ignited with gasoline. The test work included the identification and quantification of effluent gas species produced by the fire and the extinguishing chemicals. The present study describes the comparative effectiveness of the extinguishers used in the above tests and some newer systems in two distinct fire tests. The first test is the "crib" test used by Underwriters Laboratory, Inc. to rate handheld extinguishers. The second test is the same seat test used in the earlier work. The tests employed aircraft approved water extinguishers and Halon 1211 extinguishers as benchmarks. New formulations using" surfactants and extinguishing powders in aqueous solutions were tested against the benchmark performance levels. In these tests, certain new solutions were able to meet or exceed the performance of the benchmark agents. |
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| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-TN89/60 | Pages: | 17 | Size: | 2.09 MB |
| Title: | Test Unit Effects On Heat Transfer In Large Fires | ||||
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| Author: | N.R. Keltner | ||||
| Abstract: | Measurements made in large pool fires with a variety of objects have shown that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between the measured fire temperatures and either the heat flux to the object. The measurements indicate that the heat flux depends on the physical size and characteristics of the object. A large, thermally massive object will heat slowly; the radioactive heat flux to this cold surface is reduced by the thermal interaction between the object and the flames. A numerical model of this interaction is used to help explain the observed results. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0096 | Pages: | 15 | Size: | 595 KB |
| Title: | Fire Hazards of Aerosol Cans in Aircraft Cargo Compartments | ||||
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| Author: | David Blake | ||||
| Abstract: | The purpose of this project was to determine the hazards associated with aerosol cans involved in cargo fires. Over the last several years the chlorofluorocarbon propellant used in aerosol cans has been replaced with hydrocarbons such as butane, propane, and isobutene. These flammable gases would normally be prohibited on passenger carrying airplanes but there is an exception for up to 75 ounces per person for medicinal and toilet articles when carried in checked baggage only. Seven fire tests involving aerosol cans were conducted in an 800 cubic foot cargo compartment. The main conclusions of the study were that hydrocarbon propellants in aerosol cans increase the damage potential of luggage fires; the fires in a simulated Class D compartment where aerosol cans ruptured and ignited were not contained; a Class C compartment provides significantly more protection against aerosol can fire threat than does a Class D compartment; an aerosol can rupturing and igniting in a Class D or Class C cargo compartment would eliminate the compartment�s ability to control ventilations and drafts; and aerosol cans would be exposed to elevated temperatures for a longer period of time in a luggage fire in a Class D compartment in a Class C compartment. | ||||
| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-89/32 | Pages: | 24 | Size: | 2.5 MB |
| Title: | Survey Of Candidate Fire Extinguishing Agents | ||||
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| Author: | J. Nimitz, R. Tapscott, St. Skaggs, H. Beacon | ||||
| Abstract: | A study of hand-held fire extinguishers aboard civil aviation aircraft involved a detailed survey of the past, current and potential use of hand held extinguishers in civil aviation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in conjunction with numerous on-site visits to a wide spectrum of users and manufacturers within the United States. Data on pertinent regulations, standards, policy, loss history, and testing were accumulated, reviewed, and analyzed. An evaluation of current practice and of the effectiveness and suitability of various hand-held extinguishers was conducted. Also included was an attempt to quantify the actual national experience of in-flight fires. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0007 | Pages: | 7 | Size: | 352 KB |
| Title: | Flammability, Smoke, and Dry Arc Tracking Tests of Aircraft Electrical Wire Insulations | ||||
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| Author: | Patricia Cahill | ||||
| Abstract: | Although three different laboratory-scale tests were evaluated in this wire program, only the sixty-degree test is currently required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). All test specimens with the exception of MIL-W-5086/1-PVC nylon passed this test with average burn lengths within the 3-inch maximum and no flame time. The MIL-W-5086/1 samples marginally passed the 30-second flame time, and the average burn length was greater than the 3-inch maximum specified in the FAR. The smoke test method used in this program called for a straight pilot burner when testing insulated conductor specimens. However, data for a multidirectional pilot burner were also included in this report. Large variations in Ds occurred between the two burners for ETFE constructions at both the 5- and 20-minute test points. The MIL-W-81381/12 aromatic polyimide and the composite construction (Teflon/polyimide/Teflon or TPT) showed no appreciable difference in Ds between the two burner types. Moreover, test duration did not affect smoke generation for these two samples. A direct correlation can be seen between the dry arc tracking tests and wet arc tracking tests (DOT/FAA/CT-88/4). The halogenated polymers formed no conductive chars upon thermal decomposition and, therefore, no dry arc tracking. The MIL-W-81381/12 aromatic polyimide samples formed a conductive char upon thermal degradation, and severe arc tracking occurred. Extensive damage to all wires in the bundle occurred due to arc tracking propagation upon circuit breaker resetting. The TPT composite construction performed well. No dry arc tracking was evident. This construction behaved similarly to a halogenated polymer in this respect. |
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| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-89/21 | Pages: | 24 | Size: | 4.6 MB |
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