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| Title: | Dynamic Modeling of Thermal And Gas Toxicity in Fires | ||||
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| Author: | D.E. Cagliostro, J.A. Parker | ||||
| Abstract: | A physiochemical model is presented which predicts the air temperature and gas concentration changes expected to occur in a compartment of an aerospace vehicle as a result of an unwanted fire. The change in compartment air temperature can be predicted from the heat release rates of the burning materials and the net heat loss from the compartment. The changes in gas concentration ration within the compartment are predicted from the temperature-dependent chemical kinetics of the material pyrolysis and the net mass loss from the compartment. Exposure to gases and elevated temperatures generated by the fire produces life-threatening ill effects in humans. Parameters used to measure thermal effects were the time to reach and the duration of an average skin temperature of 45� C and a body enthalphy of 100-252 kcal representing a pain and metabolic threshold. The parameters used to measure toxic gas effects were the time to reach and the duration of time exposed to harmful levels of gas concentration. Synergistic effects of gas mixtures or of exposure to combined thermal effects and toxic gas and smoke are not considered in the analysis. The analysis was applied to the case of a small fire in the electronics area of an aero space vehicle. In this case a polyvinyl chloride electrical insulation decomposes generating HCl gas which is released into the compartment. A parametric study is made of skin temperature and body enthalpy as a function of heat release, ventilation rates, and physical stress levels. The results of the analysis showed that ventilation at relatively low rates could effectively reduce thermal and toxic gas effects while. stress could increase and prolong. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0087 | Pages: | 29 | Size: | 1.25 MB |
| Title: | Emerging Technology - Improvements in Aircraft Safety | ||||
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| Author: | Thomas L. Reynolds | ||||
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the research and development activities being conducted in the Boeing Commercial Airplane Group (BCAG) that re related to safety improvements in the passenger cabin of commercial jet aircraft. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0086 | Pages: | 22 | Size: | 1.31 MB |
| Title: | Engineering Criteria For Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems | ||||
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| Author: | J.R. Mawhinney | ||||
| Abstract: | This paper discusses a number of practical issues relating to the design of water mist fire suppression systems. There is presently a lot of interest among fire safety engineers in using water mist systems as an alternative to halon, on the basis that the mist will act like a gaseous suppression agent to fill all recesses of a compartment. Although there is a growing confidence that water mist systems can successfully extinguish flammable liquid pool fires and high pressure jet fires with small amounts of water, engineering criteria are needed to allow designers to match a water mist system to a range of fire scenarios and compartment types. This paper draws a parallel between the long-established practices for design of standard sprinkler systems, which allow any experienced designer to custom-fit a sprinkler system to a wide variety of fuels and buildings, and the need for similar design principles for the design of water mist systems. Research being carried out by various research agencies has just begun to document the information required to establish general design criteria for mist systems. Starting with the need to define both the fire hazard and the fire safety objective, this paper presents information on characterizing sprays suitable for water mist systems. It points out the macro-scale effects in large volume compartments cause agglomeration of droplets, so that what starts out as a very fine spray ends up as a much coarser spray. It also points out that the types of nozzles available for producing suitable fine sprays have, at best, fairly high pressure demands and in the case of air-atomizing nozzles, very high compressed air demands. These factors set a practical limit on the size of compartment that can be produced in a cost-effective way by total flooding systems. An alternative to total flooding systems for larger compartments would be zoned piping linked to a sophisticated detection system. Much experimental work will be needed to validate such systems. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0023 | Pages: | 38 | Size: | 1.96 MB |
| Title: | Estimating The Environment And The Response Of Sprinkler Links In Compartment Fires With Draft Curtains And Fusible Link Actuated Ceiling Vents | ||||
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| Author: | William D. Davis, Leonard Y. Cooper | ||||
| Abstract: | This is a User Guide for the computer code LAVENT (Link-Actuated VENTS) and an associated graphics code GRAPH. LAVENT has developed to simulate the environment and the response of sprinkler links in compartment fires with draft curtain and fusible link actuated ceiling vents. A fire scenario simulated by LAVENT is defined by the following input parameters: area and height of the curtained space; floor to bottom of curtain separation distance; length of the curtain ( a portion of the perimeter of the curtained space can include floor to ceiling walls); thickness and properties of the ceiling material (density, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity); constants which define a specified time-dependent energy release rate of the fire; fire elevation; area of characteristic energy release rate per unit area of the fire; total area of ceiling vents whose openings are actuated by a single fusible link (multiple vent area/link system combinations are allowed in any particular simulation); and identifying numbers of fusible links used to actuate single sprinkler heads or groups of sprinkler (multiple sprinkler links are allowed in any particular simulation). |
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| Report: | FSR-0197 | Pages: | 30 | Size: | 1.25 MB |
| Title: | Evaluation Of Flouorel Coating For Aircraft Interior Materials | ||||
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| Author: | John Marcy | ||||
| Abstract: | The test program was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Fluorel as a coating agent to increase the flame resistance of typical cabin interior materials. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0252 | Pages: | 16 | Size: | 1.44 MB |
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