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| Title: | Photographic Investigation of Modified Fuel Breakup and Ignition | ||||
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| Author: | Samuel V. Zinn, Jr., Thor I. Eklund. William E. Neese | ||||
| Abstract: | Laboratory evaluations were performed to determine the flammability characteristics, physical properties, and rheological profiles of modified fuel sprays. Photographs were made of fuel particles formed by air shearing in the NAFEC Fire Test Facility. Ignition studies of the modified fuel sprays included photographs of typical combustion patterns. Comparisons of shear viscosity, droplet geometries, and ignitability of the different ant misting fuels clarify the effect of polymeric additives on turbine fuel safety, and indicate critical criteria for modified fuel specifications. The results of this investigation lead to two major conclusions. First, the modified fuel spray consists of particles of large size and highly asperical geometry. Second, although a modified fuel can be flammable in the presence of an intense ignition source, all modified fuels tests were more difficult to ignite than neat fuel. |
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| Report: | FAA-RD-76-109 | Pages: | 30 | Size: | 4.76 MB |
| Title: | Aircraft Cargo Compartment Fire Test Simulation | ||||
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| Author: | R. E. Blumke | ||||
| Abstract: | The cargo and baggage test compartment was designed and fabricated at Long Beach, then assembled at the Sacramento Test Center. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0170 | Pages: | 18 | Size: | 1.36 MB |
| Title: | CPSS Computer Simulation Of Aircraft Passenger Emergency Evacuations | ||||
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| Author: | J. D. Garner | ||||
| Abstract: | The costs of civil air transport emergency evacuation demonstrations using human subjects have risen as seating capacities of these aircraft have increased. Repeated tests further increase the costs and also the risks of injuries to participants. A method to simulate such evacuations, by use of a computer model based on statistics from measured components of the escape path, has been developed. This model uses the General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS) computer programming language to represent various features of the escape process; e.g., seating and exit configurations, passenger mix, door-opening delays, time on escape slides, slide capacity, and redirection of passengers to equalize escape lines. Results of simulated evacuations from the DC-10, L-1011 and B-747 aircraft and a military aircraft are reported. These results have been compared with results of certification demonstrations from the DC-10, L-1011 and B-747. Comparison of exit size substitutions was evaluated as a means of estimating differences in escape potential for exit design optimization. |
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| Report: | FSR-0091 | Pages: | 17 | Size: | 2.68 MB |
| Title: | Dayton Aircraft Cabin Fire Model - Volume I - Basic Mathematical Model | ||||
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| Author: | Jerry B. Reeves | ||||
| Abstract: | A basic mathematical model and computer simulation program have been developed to assess the smoke and toxic gas emissions resulting from the burning of cabin interior materials of a wide-body transport aircraft in a full-scale fire based on laboratory test data on these materials. The mathematical model employs a technique of approximating the distribution of burning or smoldering regions on combustible materials by dividing the surface of the material into square area elements. The combustion behavior of a material is modeled by the allowing of the area elements to exist in one of seven discrete states. The four primary states are the following: virgin (the original, unignited condition), smoldering (nonflaming thermal degredation), flaming (burning with open flaming), or charred (burned-out or inert). The other three states are intermediate states in the transition to or from one of the four primary states. Fire ignition; flame spread; release of heat, smoke, and toxic combustion products; and the eventual extinction of a fire are all predicted by speciiying times of transition between the four primary states and by speciiying flame spread rates. Transition times, flame spread rates and the smoke, heat, and toxic gas release rates are assumed to be known as functions of imposed heat flux from laboratory measurements on the speciiic materials and assemblies of an aircraft cabin interior. Smoke and toxic gas concentration within the cabin section of the fire origin are computed by a one-dimensional, dynamic, stratified model of the cabin atmosphere which includes buoyancy driven flow out of the cabin section through one or more doorways. The results of two sample runs of the simulation program are presented and analyzed. The significance of the various interior materials' contribution to the cabin fire is shown. Recommendations for validation of the model are given. This report consists of three volumes: Volume I is entitled "Laboratory Test Program" and Volume ll is entitled "Computer Program User's Guide". | ||||
| Report: | FAA-RD-76-120I | Pages: | 147 | Size: | 24.9 MB |
| Title: | Dayton Aircraft Cabin Fire Model - Volume II - Labortory Test Program | ||||
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| Author: | Jerry B. Reeves | ||||
| Abstract: | A basic mathematical model and computer simulation program have been developed to assess the smoke and toxic gas emissions resulting from the burning of cabin interior materials of a wide- body transport aircraft in a full- scale cabin fire. The simulation is based on laboratory test data on the cabin materials. This report presents the re sults of a laboratory test prog ram which wa s conducted in support of the model development. Various flammability and combustion toxicity, properties were measured for several wide- body cabin materials by The Boeing Commercial A irplane Company under a subcontract to the University ,of Dayton' Research Institute. The measurements were made using the O.SU Combustion Analyzer, the NBS Smoke Chamber, and the Boeing Burn-Through A pparatus. This report describes the test procedures, the tes't results, the analysis of the test data, and the development of a set of material prop:erties input data for the cabin fire. simulation program. This report consists of three volumes; Volume I is entitled IIBasic Mathematical Model" and Volume III is entitled "Computer Program User s Guide". | ||||
| Report: | FAA-RD-76-120,II | Pages: | 270 | Size: | 33.7 MB |
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