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| Title: | Numerical Calculations of Turbulent Buoyant Flow In Aircraft Cabins | ||||
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| Author: | K.T. Tang, J.R. Loyd, A.M. Kanury, K. Satoh | ||||
| Abstract: | The UNSAFE computer code is utilized to study the spread of fire and smoke in aircraft cabins due to fires located in the cabin floor. A simulation study is first made based on expected data to establish the equivalence between two-dimensional and three-dimensional parameters including fire distribution and shape, the doorway height, and level of turbulence and also the effects of these parameters on the fire and smoke spread. The computer code is then used to simulate the spread of fire and smoke in a wide-body aircraft cabin with and without seats for two different scenarios of the fire location. The results show the dramatic effects of the seats on the flow, temperature, and smoke concentration behaviors inside the cabin. Important parameters have been identified such as the seat back height and configuration of the seat bottom, closed or open. | ||||
| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-82/61 | Pages: | 43 | Size: | 1.67 MB |
| Title: | Optimization of Aircraft Seat Cushion Fire Blocking Layers | ||||
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| Author: | D.A. Kourtides, J.A. Parker, A.C. Ling, W.R. Hovatter | ||||
| Abstract: | This report describes work completed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Ames Research Center under Interagency Agreement No. DTFAO3-AOO149 for the Federal Aviat'ion Administration Technical Center. The purpose of this work was to examine the potential of fire blocking mechnaisms for aircraft seat cushions in order to provide an optimized seat configuration with adequate fire protection and minimum weight. Aluminized thermally stable fabrics were found to proyide adequate fire protectionwhen used inconjunction with urethane foams, while maintaining minimum weight and cost penalty. | ||||
| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-82/132 | Pages: | 215 | Size: | 38.9 MG |
| Title: | Correlation of Flammability Test Data on Antimisting Fuels | ||||
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| Author: | Levelle Mahood, Robert L. Talley | ||||
| Abstract: | As a part of a comprehensive FAA program to minimize post-crash fire hazards of jet transport aircraft, a correlation study was conducted on flammability test data of neat Jet A fuel, and the same fuel ) with various antimisting additives. The data were from full-scale aircraft crash tests, large-scale fuel spillage/ignition tests, and several small-scale flammability tests. Various rheometric tests were also considered. The ability of certain antimisting fuels to eliminate large fireballs during occupant-survivable aircraft crashes was amply supported. Large-scale crash simulations were found to be highly developed, and provide essential credibility on a given antimisting fuel near the end of its development. Small-scale flammability test rigs used for screening antimisting fuels were found generally effective, but with some conflicting data between rigs, and with some deviations from large-scale results. Methods have been defined which can provide higher confidence and resolution for selected test rigs. . Enhanced correlation requires characterization of the fuel droplets and flows produced by a given test rig, and application of semi-cempirical liquid breakup and ignition/combustion models. Liquid breakup correlation is provided in a limited casefor a Newtonian fuel at small-scale. | ||||
| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-82/29 | Pages: | 147 | Size: | 27.8 MB |
| Title: | In-Flight Aircraft Seat Fire Extinguishing Tests (Cabin Hazard Measurements) | ||||
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| Author: | Richard G. Hill & Louise C. Speitel | ||||
| Abstract: | This report describes the results of a test program designed to: (1) determine the amount of toxic decomposition byproducts from the use of Halon 1211 on large seat fires in an aircraft cabin while in flight, (2) compare relative hazard levels from the use of common aircraft hand-held extinguishers (Halon 1211, monoammonium phosphate, carbon dioxide, water) on large fires in an aircraft while in flight; (3) compare the hazards from the hand-held extinguishers extinguishing a large air craft seat fire to the hazards of an uncontrolled seat fire. A series of nine tests was conducted during this project. Two tests each were conducted using Halon 1211, dry powder (monoammonium phosphate), water and CO2 extinguishers, and one test in which the seat fire was allowed to burn uncontrolled. Hazard level measurements were taken during all tests; they included heat, smoke and toxic gas measurements. It was concluded that Halon 1211 can be effectively and safely utilized to extinguish a severe seat fire in a transport passenger cabin. |
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| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-82/111 | Pages: | 47 | Size: | 4.4 MB |
| Title: | Development of the Cone Calorimeter -- A Bench Scale Heat Release Rate Apparatus Based on Oxygen Consumption | ||||
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| Author: | Vytenis Babrauskas | ||||
| Abstract: | A new bench-scale rate of heat release calorimeter utilizing the oxygen consumption principle has been developed for use in fire testing and research. Specimens may be of uniform or composite construction and may be tested in a horizontal, face-up orientation, or, for ones which do not melt, also vertically oriented. An external irradiance of zero to over 100 kW/m2 may be imposed by means of a temperaure controlled radiant heater. The rate of heat release is determined by measuring combustion product gas glow and oxygen depletion, while the mass loss is simultaneously recorded directly. The instrument has been designed to be capable of higher accuracy than existiing insturments and yet to be simple to operate and moderate in construction cost. The instrument is termed a "cone calorimeter" because of the geometric arrangement of the electric heater. | ||||
| Report: | NBSIR-82-2611 | Pages: | 85 | Size: | 11.6 MB |
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