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| Title: | Water Mist In Marine Applications | ||||
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| Author: | Anthony R. Turner | ||||
| Abstract: | This paper is designed to present up-to-date picture of practical applications for water mist/fog fire fighting technology in marine markets. The paper will introduce the reasons for the development of technology, discuss the test program undertaken by Marioff and highlight the insights this has provided concerning the firefighting capability of water fog systems. Practical applications in the marine markets for accommodation areas, engine rooms and other spaces will be given with reference o the actual ships on which Hi-fog systems have been fitted. Land based use will be discussed, with references to systems installed or on order. | ||||
| Report: | FSR-0010 | Pages: | 18 | Size: | 876 MB |
| Title: | The Predictable Effects of Cold Exposure On Wet Aircraft Passengers | ||||
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| Author: | Robert P. Garner, PH. D., Bruce C. Wilcox, Harvey M. England, & Van B. Nakagawara, O.D. | ||||
| Abstract: | The incorporation of a cabin water spray system (CWSS) aboard commercial passenger aircraft has been suggested as a mechanism of reducing passenger death and injury from the fire and smoke commonly associated with aircraft accidents. A potential health risk associated with CWSS is the physiological stress that would be imposed upon an individual by being wet from a CWSS activation in the aircraft cabin and then evacuated into a cold environment. The severity of this type of exposure would be proportional to the degree to which the individual was doused with water and the wind speed, and inversely proportionally to the ambient temperature. The physiological responses to partial wetting and subsequent exposure to cold environmental conditions have not been studied. The effects of cold exposure, as well as the degree of protection provided to the individual, particularly the cardio respiratory system, would need to be fully investigated to determine if the survival benefits of the CWSS outweigh the potential health risks. | ||||
| Report: | DOT/FAA/AM-93/X | Pages: | 27 | Size: | 1.2 MB |
| Title: | Effectiveness of Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers on Cargo Container Fires | ||||
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| Author: | Lery Dickerson, Dave Blake | ||||
| Abstract: | The purpose of this project was to determine the effectiveness of firefighter intervention using hand-held fire extinguishers on fires in 150- and 800-cubic-foot cargo containers. This test plan was undertaken following a fire in the main deck cargo compartment of a South African Airlines Boeing 747-244B (COMBI) on November 27, 1987. The airplane crashed into the Indian Ocean killing all occupants. A total of 27 tests were performed; 23 in the 150-cubic-foot cargo container series, and 4 in the 800-cubic-foot cargo container series. Three agents were tested--Halon 1211, Halon 1301, and "loaded stream" water. Only the Halon 1211 agent was partially successful in extinguishing this type of Class' A fire. Seven of the 23 fires were extinguished. The rigid cargo containers contained and controlled the test fires through oxygen starvation in 18 of 20 fire tests that were not extinguished. |
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| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-TN92/42 | Pages: | 21 | Size: | 2.84 MB |
| Title: | Modeling the Heat Release Rate of Aircraft Cabin Panels | ||||
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| Author: | W.J. Parker, R. Filipczak | ||||
| Abstract: | A computer model was developed to calculate the heat release rate of aircraft cabin composite panels based on th panel's thermophysical, chemcial and geometeric properties. The model calculates the temperature through the panel as a function of time and uses this along with measured kinetic constants to deduce mass loss rate which is multiplied by the heat of combustion of the volatiles. The caluclated results are general agreement with the measured heat release obtained from the Ohio State University (OSU) calorimeter. | ||||
| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-92/3 | Pages: | 51 | Size: | 10.1 MB |
| Title: | Narrow-Body Aircraft Water Spray Optimization Study | ||||
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| Author: | Timothy Marker | ||||
| Abstract: | Twenty-five full scale tests were conducted in a modified 707 narrow-body fuselage as part of an aircraft cabin water spray optimization study. The purpose of the study was to test several spray configurations by varying the amount of water sprayed, the flow rates, and orientation of the nozzles, while keeping the fire conditions constant, in an attempt to minimize the quantity of water required to effectively suppress a postcrash aircraft fire and improve occupant survivability. The original Safety Aircraft and Vehicles Equipment (SAVE) system was configured in the narrow-body cabin using 120 nozzles. Initially, three tests were conducted using 72, 48, and 24 gallons of water for 3-, 2-, and 1-minute spray durations, respectively. In the following series of tests, one-third of the SAVE system (40 nozzles) was configured in the area of the fire using 24, 16, and 8 gallons of water for 3-, 2-, and 1-minute spray durations, respectively. During the final series of tests, the spray system was configured in five separate sections or �zones� with each zone carrying eight nozzles. A thermocouple was mounted at ceiling height in each zone, allowing for the activation of a particular zone when the temperature reached a predetermined value. The flow rate of the nozzle was varied as was the amount of water available during the tests. For comparison, a test was conducted without spraying water in order to establish a �baseline.� Temperature, heat flux, smoke levels, gas concentrations, and video were continuously monitored at various locations throughout the fuselage. The optimal zoned system was more effective than the SAVE system and used only 11 percent of water. |
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| Report: | DOT/FAA/CT-TN93/3 | Pages: | 39 | Size: | 23 MB |
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